The phases of construction are the steps necessary to carry out the creation of massive civil structures or large buildings safely and effectively.
To progress a large commercial or heavy civil construction project toward completion, there are various construction phases or milestones that must be completed. Construction can start after studies and designs are finished, licences are obtained, assurances are made, and federal, state and local environmental criteria are met.
These Projects, whether they be for roads, tunnels, bridges, or buildings, need exceptionally high levels of project management to finish on schedule and under budget.
Phase 1: Building site closure
Every construction site must prioritise both worker and public safety, thus protecting the environment is always the first step in any project. To protect the general public, fences are erected all around the construction site, and management or construction trailers are placed there. To help with project operations, the location has been equipped with amenities like power, internet connection, and restrooms.
Phase 2: Foundation and land
Train tracks, airports, dams, highways, and stadiums all need the site to be leveled and ready for a sturdy foundation, which requires the removal of waste and vegetation. The foundation is important for the structure's overall stability as well as for the movement of all tools and materials needed for the next building phases. To uphold the highest standards, a precise calculation and execution must be performed.
Phase 3: The structure of the construction
A frame or skeleton maintains the structure in place in all building projects. These would be the structural pillars of bridges. It would be a steel or concrete frame in a building. The subgrade, subbase, base, and asphalt layers are what makeup roads and highways.
Building Information Modeling (BIM), a 3D model-based method used to plan, design, construct, and manage the building and infrastructure, is employed throughout this phase and for the duration of the project.
Phase 4: Plumbing, Electrical, and Mechanical (MEP)
A professional engineering firm will frequently design the structure's mechanical (HVAC), electrical, and plumbing systems. Roof drains, HVAC systems, ventilation, lighting, water, and waste pipes, gas lines, internet cables, and other components are all included in this.
Inspections and testing of these systems will start during this phase because these components are frequently buried underground or concealed in walls, floors, and ceilings.
Phase 5: Waterproofing and insulation
During this stage, the structure and everything inside is shielded from the elements. The 100-year storm and flood probability are taken into account because these constructions are intended to last a very long time.
Phase 6: Finishes and closures
During this stage, the finishing touches are added. Glassware, doors, finished carpentry, tiling, carpeting, and other items are among them. A final walkthrough is conducted with the building owner to ensure that everything is finished, and the building is ready for occupation once the last inspections are done.
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